Chapter 1: Kinematics and Dynamics

• terminal velocity: when the drag force equals the weight of the object and, thus, the object falls with constant velocity according to Newton's first law (applies to free fall)
• in projectile motion, the velocity in the Y direction will change at the rate of g (acceleration due to gravity) but the velocity in the X direction will remain constant.
• If parallel to inclined plane, F(g) = m g sinθ. if perpendicular, F(g) = m g cosθ.
• F(centripetal) = mv^2 / r
• Torque = F r sinθ

Chapter 2: Work and Energy

• Kinetic energy = 1/2 m v^2 (kinetic energy is related to speed not velocity)
• Gravitational potential energy U = m g h
• Elastic Potential Energy U = 1/2 k x^2
• Total Mechanical Energy E = U + K (aka the first law of thermodynamics)
• W(nonconservative forces) = ΔE = ΔU + ΔK
• Work = F * d * cosθ
• Work = P * ΔV
• Power refers to the rate at which energy is transferred from one system to another (measures in Watts which is a Joule/second
  • Power = W / t = ΔE / t
• Work-Energy Theorem W(net) = ΔK = K(f) - K(i)
• Mechanical Advantage: F(out) / F(in)
  • the ratio of magnitudes of force exerted on an object by a simple machine to the force actually applied by the simple machine (F(in))
• Efficiency = W(out) / W(in) = (load)(load distance) / (effort)(effort distance)
• Example: adding more pulleys increases mechanical advantage but decreases efficiency